DEMO
GENERAL STUDIES – 1
Topics: Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture
from ancient to modern times.
1. Subramaniya Bharathi
What to study?
For Prelims: Famous literary works.
For Mains: Contributions to social reforms.
Context: Dec 11 is the birth anniversary of Subramanian Bharati.
About Subramaniya Bharathiyar:
1. He was a poet, freedom fighter and social reformer from Tamil Nadu.
2. He was known as Mahakavi Bharathiyar and the laudatory epithet Mahakavi means a great poet.
3. His songs on nationalism and freedom of India helped to rally the masses to support the Indian
Independence Movement in Tamil Nadu.
4. “Kannan Pattu” “Nilavum Vanminum Katrum” “Panchali Sabatam” “Kuyil Pattu” are examples of
Bharathi’s great poetic output.
5. He published the sensational “Sudesa Geethangal” in 1908.
In 1949, he became the first poet whose works were nationalised by the state government.
Bharthi as a social reformer:
He was also against caste system. He declared that there were only two castes-men and women and nothing
more than that. Above all, he himself had removed his sacred thread.
He condemned certain Shastras that denigrated women. He believed in the equality of humankind and criticised
many preachers for mixing their personal prejudices while teaching the Gita and the Vedas.
Sources: pib.
2. South India’s earliest Sanskrit Inscription found in AP
What to study?
For Prelims: Latest inscriptions, Saptamatrikas, Satavahanas.
For Mains: Significance of these findings.
Context: The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has discovered the earliest Sanskrit inscription in South India.
• This is also an earliest epigraphic evidence (Epigraphy is the study of ancient inscriptions) for
the Saptamatrika cult.
• The discovery was made in Chebrolu village in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh.
About the inscriptions found:
• It is in Sanskrit and in Brahmi characters.
• It was issued by Satavahana king Vijaya in 207 A.D.
• The inscription records construction of a prasada (temple), a mandapa (a pavilion for public rituals) and
consecration of images on southern side of temple by a person named Kartika for merit of king at
temple of Bhagavathi (Goddess) Saktimatruka (Saptamatrika) at Tambrape (which is the ancient
name of Chebrolou).
• Chebrolu inscription of Satavahana king Vijaya issued in his 5th regnal year (207 A.D.) is also the earliest
datable Sanskrit inscription from South India so far. Until now the Nagarjunakonda
inscription of Ikshavaku king Ehavala Chantamula issued in his 11th regnal year (4th century A.D.) was
considered the earliest Sanskrit inscription in South India.
The place also yielded another inscription which is in Prakrit language and of Brahmi characters and belongs to
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