The largest democracy in the world, the land also known as Bharat or Hindustan is unique with its incredible diversity, both culturally and physically. The second largest populous country, India is home to around 17.5 per cent of world's population. The country, however, ac-
counts for 2.42 per cent of the total world area.
GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION
India lies entirely on the Indian Plate in the northern portion of the Indo Australian Plate.The country lies to the north of the equatorb between 8°4' and 37°6' North latitude and 68°7' and 97°25' East longitude. It is the seventh-largest country in the world, with a total land
area of 3,287,263 square kilometres (1,269,219 sq miles). India measures 3,214 km (1,997 miles) from North to South and 2,993 km (1,860 mi)
from East to west. It has a land frontier of 15,200 km (9,445 miles) and a coastline of 7,517 km (4,671 miles).
India is bounded in the southwest by the
Arabian Sea, in the southeast by the Bay of Bengal and by the Indian Ocean in the south.Cape Comorin constitutes the southern tip of the Indian peninsula, which narrows before ending in the Indian Ocean. The southernmost
part of India is Indira Point in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The Maldives, Sri Lanka and Indonesia are island nations to the south of
India with Sri Lanka separated from India by a narrow channel of sea formed by Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar. The territorial waters
of India extend into the sea to a distance of 12 nautical miles (13.8 miles; 22.2 km) measured from the appropriate baseline.
The northern frontiers of India are defined largely by the Himalayan mountain range where
its political boundaries with China, Bhutan, and Nepal lie. Its western borders with Pakistan lie in the Punjab Plain and the Thar Desert. In the far northeast, the Chin Hills and Kachin Hills,deeply forested mountainous regions, separate India from Burma while its political border with
Bangladesh is defined by the watershed region of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, the Khasi hills and Mizo Hills.
The Ganges is the longest river originating in India and forms the Indo Gangetic Plain. The Ganges-Brahmaputra system occupies most of northern, central and eastern India, while the
Deccan Plateau occupies most of southern India. Along its western frontier is the Thar Desert, which is the seventh-largest desert in the world.
Officially, India's highest point is K-2 at
8,611 m (28,251 ft), though it lies in Gilgit-Baltistan, part of the disputed Kashmir region.Kanchanjunga in Sikkim at 8,598 m (28,209 ft) is the highest point within India's current geographic boundaries. Climate across India ranges
from equatorial in the far south, to Alpine in the upper reaches of the Himalayas.The country's land is flanked by the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea, along the southeast and along the southwest respectively. On the western border is situated Pakistan and in
the east, Bangladesh and Burma. Along her northern boundary are Bhutan, Nepal, and Tibet and Sinkiang region of China. The Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait separate India from Sri Lanka. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal and Lakshadweep in the
Arabian Sea are parts of the Indian Territory.
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