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Environmental science Pdf Notes 1sem Kashmir University
1.1 The Environment
The word environment is derived from a French word ‘Environner’, which means to encircle or surround. Environment can be defined as the sum total of external factors, substances and
conditions which influence organisms. Environment is usually divided into two parts.
The physical environment consists of forces of nature like wind, gravity, conditions like temperature and light, time, and non-living materials like soil and water.
The biotic environment is made of all living beings including their reactions, interactions and interrelated actions. Any constituent or condition of the environment which affects
directly or indirectly the form of functioning of the organism in any specific way is called environmental factor or ecological factor..
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